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Total R&D expenditure

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Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development as a percentage of GDP. This includes spending on creative work that is undertaken on a systematic basis which aims to increase the stock of knowledge, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

Data host: 

Eurostat

Unit of Measurement: 

Percentage of Gross Domestic Product (% GDP)

Link to Data: 

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do [2]

Type of Indicator source: 

  • Statistical office [3]

Geographical Coverage: 

Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United States

Geographical Level: 

  • National [4]

Same/similar indicators appears in the following sets: 

  • SEEA (UN) [5]
  • OECD Green Growth Indicators [6]
  • Europe 2020 Indicators [7]
  • EU Eurostat SDI Indicators [8]

Methodological transparency: 

  • Complete methodology available [9]
Indicator relation: 
Indicator: 
GDP — outlook from OECD [10]
Type of relation: 
Component indicator of the aggregate
Indicator: 
Total R&D expenditure [11]
Type of relation: 
Component indicator of the aggregate
Indicator: 
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) [12]
Type of relation: 
Similar indicator
Indicator: 
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) [13]
Type of relation: 
Similar indicator
Indicator: 
Public spending in environmentally related RD, % total public spending [14]
Type of relation: 
Break down of indicator(Former Differentiation by group)
Indicator: 
Total R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and type of R&D activity [15]
Type of relation: 
Break down of indicator(Former Differentiation by group)

Temporal Coverage: 

1990 to 2013

Frequency of Updates: 

  • annualy [16]

Indicator developer: 

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Link to Methodology: 

OECD Frascati Manual [17]

Aggregation level of indicator: 

  • Aggregate [18]

Data quality assesment: 

  • Assessed by statistical office [19]

Publishing delay: 

  • 1-3 years [20]

Link to data quality assessment: 

Eurostat Data Assessment [21]

Contribution to the green economy: 

Assuming that greater investment in research and development will increase knowledge and innovation and help turn ideas into products and services, an increase in Total R&D Expenditure could be expected to signal progress towards a Green Economy in terms of increasing future economic growth, jobs and international competitiveness.

Cost of accessing data: 

  • free of charge [22]
Potential misinterpretation: 
As this indicator is presented as a percentage of GDP, it should be considered alongside GDP so that any change in GDP, and the relative adjustment this would produce in the data for this indicator, can be taken into consideration.
Related Indicator: 
GDP — outlook from OECD [10]
Potential misinterpretation: 
An increase in the proportion of GDP that is spent on R&D does not necessarily predict benefits in terms of green technologies, as R&D spending may be invested non-green technologies. Using indicators which detail the sectoral breakdown of R&D investment may help to overcome this barrier.
Related Indicator: 
Total R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and type of R&D activity [15]
Potential misinterpretation: 
Is increasing expenditure into (green) R&D truly leading to an increase in eco-innovation?
Related Indicator: 
Eco-innovation Index [23]
Potential misinterpretation: 
Is the overall R&D expenditure increasing, but the share of environmental related expenditure decreasing?
Related Indicator: 
Public spending in environmentally related RD, % total public spending [14]

Use of indicator in mandates, international agreements or legislation: 

Name of agreement or policy: 

Europe 2020

Name of body or organisation: 

European Commission

Link to body or organisation: 

Europe 2020 Strategy [24]

Section or page to find indicator: 

p.5
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The NETGREEN project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under the Grant Agreement no. 603877.

Source URL: https://measuring-progress.eu/total-rd-expenditure

Links
[1] https://measuring-progress.eu/coll-del/nojs/949
[2] http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tsdec320&plugin=1
[3] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/45
[4] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/33
[5] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/91
[6] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/90
[7] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/72
[8] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/67
[9] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/34
[10] https://measuring-progress.eu/gdp-%E2%80%94-outlook-oecd
[11] https://measuring-progress.eu/total-rd-expenditure
[12] https://measuring-progress.eu/gross-domestic-expenditure-rd-gerd
[13] https://measuring-progress.eu/gross-domestic-expenditure-rd-gerd-0
[14] https://measuring-progress.eu/public-spending-environmentally-related-rd-total-public-spending
[15] https://measuring-progress.eu/total-rd-expenditure-gerd-sectors-performance-and-type-rd-activity
[16] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/17
[17] http://www.oecd.org/innovation/inno/frascatimanualproposedstandardpracticeforsurveysonresearchandexperimentaldevelopment6thedition.htm
[18] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/28
[19] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/38
[20] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/25
[21] http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/t2020_20_esmsip.htm
[22] https://measuring-progress.eu/taxonomy/term/9
[23] https://measuring-progress.eu/eco-innovation-index
[24] http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM%3A2010%3A2020%3AFIN%3AEN%3APDF