Indicator database

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    Nitrogen oxides emissions

    Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are together referred to as nitrogen oxides (NOX). Combustion of fossil fuels is by far the dominant source of NOX emissions. The emissions are not dependent solely on the amount of nitrogen in the fuel but also on the air - fuel mix ratio. High temperatures and oxidation-rich conditions generally favour NOX formation in combustion.NOX contributes to acid deposition and eutrophication which in turn can lead to potential changes occurring in soil and water quality.

    Inequality of income distribution   

    The ratio of total income received by the 20 % of the population with the highest income (top quintile) to that received by the 20 % of the population with the lowest income (lowest quintile). Income must be understood as equivalised disposable income.

    Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdsc260, Retrieved on 17.12.2014

    Pension expenditure projections (baseline scenario) (for sub-theme public finance sustainability)

    The pension expenditure indicator includes gross public pensions (i.e. before taxes and compulsory social security contributions) as a percentage of GDP. It is the sum of different categories of pension benefits, some of which (for example, disability pensions) may be paid to people who have not reached the standard retiring age. The projections are made on the basis of Eurostat's population projection - EUROPOP2010 - and commonly agreed underlying economic assumptions that have been prepared by the European Commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic Policy Committee (Ageing Working Group).

    S80/S20 income quintile share ratio by sex and selected age group

    The ratio of total income received by the 20 % of the population with the highest income (top quintile) to that received by the 20 % of the population with the lowest income (lowest quintile). Income must be understood as equivalised disposable income.

    Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tessi180, retrieved on 13.01.2015

    Life expectancy at birth

    "The average number of years that a newborn could expect to live, if he or she were to pass through life exposed to the sex- and age-specific death rates prevailing at the time of his or her birth, for a specific year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area."
    Retrieved from, http://apps.who.int/gho/indicatorregistry/App_Main/view_indicator.aspx?i..., 12.08.2014

    Central government debt, total (% of GDP)

    "Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year."

    Satisfaction with working conditions

    Satisfaction with their (workers) working conditions in general, as well as specific areas
    such as working hours, workload, autonomy and work-life balance
    http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_398_en.pdf (p. 3)
    (Retrieved: 26 January 2015)

    Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)

    Indicator states total spending in a country on health as a proportion of its GDP. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
    (World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS, 15-01-2015)

    Evaluation of the State of Education in the Country 

    Overall evaluation of the situation of education in a given country
    http://gesis-simon.de/simon_eusi/index.php#
    (Date of retrieval: 2 February 2015)

    Pupils and students in all levels of education (ISCED 0-6)

    The indicator sums up all "enrolled students (ISCED levels 0 to 6) and students in adult education programmes (ISCED levels 1 to 4) by country, year, level of education, programme destination, programme orientation, part time/full time scale, type of institution and gender. The statistics contained in this dataset refer to education in the ordinary school and university system, as defined in the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)."

    Physical Trade Balance (PTB)

    The trade surplus or deficit of material resources within an economy, calculated as imports minus exports of raw materials and manufactured products.

    Education expenditure as percentage of GNP, GDP and total government expenditure

    Current and capital expenditures on education by local, regional and national governments, including municipalities (household contributions are excluded), expressed as a percentage of gross national product OR as a percentage of gross domestic product OR as a percentage of total government expenditure on all sectors (including health, education, social services, etc.)

    wikiProgress.Stat, http://stats.wikiprogress.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDUCATION_EXPENDITURE, retrieved on 15.01.2015

    Gender equality index

    The Gender Equality Index is a unique measurement tool that synthesises the complexity of gender equality as a multi-dimensional concept into a user-friendly and easily interpretable measure. It is formed by combining gender indicators, according to a conceptual framework, into a single summary measure. It consists of six core domains (work, money, knowledge, time, power and health) and two satellite domains (intersecting inequalities and violence).

    Total wealth estimate ($)

    "The Wealth of Nations dataset provides country level data on comprehensive wealth, adjusted net saving, and non-renewable resource rents indicators, as published in "The Changing Wealth of Nations" (2011)."
    (World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/wealth-of-nations, 23-01-2015)

    "Total wealth is present value of future consumption that is sustainable, discounted at a rate of time preference of 1.5 percent, over 25 years.

    Depletion Adjusted Saving (DAS) =

    Global Gender Gap Index

    The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks national gender gaps on economic, political, education and health criteria, and provides country rankings that allow for effective comparisons across regions and income groups.

    The Global Gender Gap Index examines the gap between men and women in four fundamental categories
    (subindexes): Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival and
    Political Empowerment.

    Infant mortality rate (0-1 year) per 1,000 live births

    The infant mortality rate is the probability (expressed as a rate per 1,000 live births) of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of one if subject to current age-specific mortality rates.

    Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education

    Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in primary, secondary and tertiary education is the ratio of the number of female students enrolled at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education to the number of male students in each level. To standardise the effects of the population structure of the appropriate age groups, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for each level of education is used.

    Total net enrolment ratio in primary education, both sexes

    Net primary enrolment rate in primary education is the number of children of official primary school age (according to ISCED97*) who are enrolled in primary education as a percentage of the total children of the official school age population. Total net primary enrolment rate also includes children of primary school age enrolled in secondary education. Where more than one system of primary education exists within the country the most widespread or common structure is used for determining the official school age group.

    Population, total

    "Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship - except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values shown are midyear estimates."

    (World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL, 2014-12-10)

    Population density (people per sq. km of land area)

    Population density of a country is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones.

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