Indicator database

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    Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas

    The indicator shows the fraction of the EU-28 urban population that is potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of certain pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2 and B(a)P)) in excess of the EU limit or target values (EU, 2004, 2008) set for the protection of human health; and to concentrations of these pollutants in excess of the WHO Guidelines (WHO, 2000, 2006).

    It also shows the evolution of urban background levels of PM2.5, PM10, O3 and NO2 at the European level.

    Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption

    This indicator is calculated on the basis of data covered by Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics. Reporting countries provide additional information on renewable source not covered by the Regulation. This indicator may be considered an estimate of the indicator described in Directive 2009/28/EC because statistical systems in some countries are not yet fully developed to meet all the requirements of this Directive. More information about the renewable energy shares calculation methodology can be found on the Eurostat website.

    Components of domestic material consumption      

    The indicator Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is defined as the total amount of material directly used in an economy. DMC equals Direct Material Input (DMI) minus exports. DMI measures the direct input of materials for the use in the economy. DMI equals Domestic Extraction (DE) plus imports.

    Consumption of certain foodstuffs per inhabitant    

    This indicator presents the gross human apparent consumption of some major food items (cereals, meat and fish). Gross apparent human consumption is a proxy indicator for the availability of food to the consumer but not of the actual consumption by households.
    (Source: EU data portal, https://open-data.europa.eu/en/data/dataset/Othveyne27zmX6OKsIMQ)

    Domestic material consumption by material

    The indicator Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is defined as the total amount of material directly used in an economy. DMC equals Direct Material Input (DMI) minus exports and Domestic Extraction (DE) plus imports. (source: Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/EN/tsdpc230_esmsip.htm)

    Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), by source sector

    The indicator tracks trends since 1990 in anthropogenic atmospheric emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) by source sector.
    The indicator also provides information on emissions by sectors: Energy production and distribution; Energy use in industry; Industrial processes; Road transport; Non-road transport; Commercial, institutional and households; Solvent and product use; Agriculture; Waste; Other.

    Employment rate, by highest level of education attained  

    The indicator is calculated by dividing the number of employed people within age group 20-64 years having attained a specific level of education, by the total population of the same age group.

    http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/web/table/description.jsp
    (Retrieved: 26 January 2015)

    Greenhouse gas emissions

    Trend in annual total man-made emissions of the ‘Kyoto basket’ of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases) in relation to 1990 emissions and the Kyoto base year.

    Household saving rate   

    "The gross household saving rate measures the portion of disposable income that is not used by the household for final consumption. It is measured by gross saving divided by gross disposable income adjusted for the change in the net equity in pension fund reserves."
    (Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/EN/tsdec240_esmsip.htm, 13-01-2015)

    Real effective exchange rate - 37 trading partners

    “The REER (or Relative price and cost indicators) aim to assess a country's (or currency area's) price or cost competitiveness relative to its principal competitors in international markets. Changes in cost and price competitiveness depend not only on exchange rate movements but also on cost and price trends.

    Resource productivity (GDP/Domestic Material Consumption)

    Resource productivity is defined as the ratio between gross domestic product (GDP) and domestic material consumption (DMC). The indicator Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) is based on the Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts (EW-MFA).

    The indicator is the lead indicator of the resource efficiency scoreboard
    http://measuring-progress.eu/resource-efficiency-scoreboard

    Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption

    This indicator provides the share of renewable energies based on the final energy consumption of a country.

    Total R&D expenditure

    Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development as a percentage of GDP. This includes spending on creative work that is undertaken on a systematic basis which aims to increase the stock of knowledge, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

    Turnover from innovation

    This indicator is defined as the ratio of turnover from products new to the enterprise and new to the market as a % of total turnover. It is based on the Community innovation survey and covers at least all enterprises with 10 or more employees.

    Retrieved from, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdec340, January 15, 2015

    Investment by institutional sectors

    The percentage of GDP that is used for gross investment in the economy. It includes investment in the acquisition, improvement of, or additions to fixed assets held by government, business and household sectors.

    Comparative price levels

    "Comparative price levels are the ratio between Purchasing power parities (PPPs) and market exchange rate for each country. PPPs are currency conversion rates that convert economic indicators expressed in national currencies to a common currency, called Purchasing Power Standard (PPS), which equalises the purchasing power of different national currencies and thus allows meaningful comparison.

    Persons of the age 20 to 24 having completed at least upper secondary education by gender

    The indicator is defined as the percentage of people aged 20-24 who have successfully completed at least upper secondary education. This educational attainment refers to ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) 2011 level 3-8 for data from 2014 onwards and to ISCED 1997 level 3-6 for data up to 2013. The indicator is based on the EU Labour Force Survey. (Source: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-datasets/-/TPS00186)

    Eco-innovation Index

    Unweighted mean of 16 indicators from eight contributors in five areas: eco-innovation inputs, eco-innovation activities, eco-innovation outputs, environmental outcomes and socio-economic outcomes.

    Energy dependence

    "Energy dependency shows the extent to which an economy relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. The indicator is calculated as net imports divided by the sum of gross inland energy consumption plus bunkers."
    (Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=0&lang..., 2015-03-23)

    Energy productivity (GDP/gross inland energy consumption)

    This indicator is a measure of the energy intensity of the economy: gross domestic product (GDP) divided by the gross inland consumption of energy for a given calendar year. The gross inland consumption includes energy consumed from coal, electricity, oil, natural gas and renewable energy sources, consummed domestically.
    (Source: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/web/table/description.jsp; (link is external) Retrieved: 17/4/2015)

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