Indicator database

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    Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas

    The indicator shows the fraction of the EU-28 urban population that is potentially exposed to ambient air concentrations of certain pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2 and B(a)P)) in excess of the EU limit or target values (EU, 2004, 2008) set for the protection of human health; and to concentrations of these pollutants in excess of the WHO Guidelines (WHO, 2000, 2006).

    It also shows the evolution of urban background levels of PM2.5, PM10, O3 and NO2 at the European level.

    Central government debt, total (% of GDP)

    "Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year."

    Reading skills

    The indicator represents the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) test results of 15 year old school students in 65 participating countries, organised by OECD. The survey focuses on mathematics, with reading, science and problem-solving minor areas of assessment.
    This indicator focuses on reading skills.
    (http://www.oecd.org/pisa/)
    (Retrieved: 26 January 2015)

    Skills in mathematics

    The indicator represents the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) test results of 15 year old school students in 65 participating countries, organised by OECD. The survey focuses on mathematics, with reading, science and problem-solving minor areas of assessment.
    This indicator focuses on skills in mathematics.
    (http://www.oecd.org/pisa/)
    (Retrieved: 26 January 2015)

    Skills in science

    The indicator represents the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) test results of 15 year old school students in 65 participating countries, organised by OECD. The survey focuses on mathematics, with reading, science and problem-solving minor areas of assessment.
    This indicator focuses on skills in science.
    (http://www.oecd.org/pisa/)
    (Retrieved: 26 January 2015)

    Daily calorie supply per capita by source - total

    This indicator shows the total daily calorie supply per capita and the split into calories from animal products and vegetal products .

    Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)

    Indicator states total spending in a country on health as a proportion of its GDP. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.
    (World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS, 15-01-2015)

    Public Expenditure on Health Prevention

    Public expenditure on prevention and public health services as a percentage of total expenditure of health.

    Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

    "Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP."

    Labour taxes, % GDP

    Taxes on labour, probably including social security, as percentage of GDP

    Total environmentally related taxes, % GDP

    Environmentally related taxes include (i) energy products for transport and stationary purposes (ii) motor vehicles and transport; (iii) waste management; (iv) ozone-depleting substances and (v) other taxes.
    (Source: Green Growth Knowledge platform, http://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/country-data/source-information)

    Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (current US$)

    Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage.
    (retrieved 2-2-2014 from Worldbank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.SVNG.CD)

    Better Life Index

    The Better Life index is an interactive tool that allows you to see how countries perform according to the importance you give to each of 11 topics.

    Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)

    "Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP."

    Employment in industry (% of total employment)

    People who work for public or private employers and receive remuneration in wages, salaries, commission, tips, etc. working in industry and includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction and public utilities.
    (Source: WorldBank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.IND.EMPL.ZS, retrieved 2-2-2015)

    Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)

    Natural resource depletion is the sum of net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion.
    (Source: Worldbank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.DRES.GN.ZS, retrieved 2-2-2015)

    Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary, and tertiary education

    Ratio of girls to boys (gender parity index) in primary, secondary and tertiary education is the ratio of the number of female students enrolled at primary, secondary and tertiary levels of education to the number of male students in each level. To standardise the effects of the population structure of the appropriate age groups, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for each level of education is used.

    Price level ratio of PPP conversion factor (GDP) to market exchange rate

    Price level ratio of PPP conversion factor (GDP) to market exchange rate tells “how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.”
    (World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPPC.RF (link is external), 20-01-2015)

    Innovation Union Scoreboard

    The Innovation Union Scoreboard is an instrument of the European Commission, developed under the Lisbon Strategy and revised after the adoption of the Europe2020 Strategy to provide a comparative assessment of the innovation performance of EU Member States.
    The measurement framework used in the Innovation Union Scoreboard distinguishes between 3 main types of indicators and 8 innovation dimensions, capturing in total 25 different indicators.