Indicator database

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    Total R&D expenditure

    Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development as a percentage of GDP. This includes spending on creative work that is undertaken on a systematic basis which aims to increase the stock of knowledge, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

    Turnover from innovation

    This indicator is defined as the ratio of turnover from products new to the enterprise and new to the market as a % of total turnover. It is based on the Community innovation survey and covers at least all enterprises with 10 or more employees.

    Retrieved from, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/tsdec340, January 15, 2015

    Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

    "Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP."

    Public spending in environmentally related RD, % total public spending

    Government appropriations or outlays for Research and Development (GBAORD) by socio-economic objective. The indicator is expressed as percentage of all-purpose government outlays for Research and Development.
    (Source: Green Growth indicators 2014, https://www.enviroportal.sk/uploads/files/Zeleny%20rast/OECDGG.pdf)

    Total fixed assets (net)

    Total fixed assets (net) is a concept of the annual national accounts. It is the sum of the following asset types:
    "Cultivated assets (AN.1114), Transport equipment (AN.11131), Other machinery and equipment (AN.11132), Dwellings (AN.1111), Other buildings and structures (AN.1112), Intangible fixed assets (AN.112).

    More detailed information can be found in annex 7.1 of ESA95." (Eurostat, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/nama_esms.htm, 22-01-2015)

    Employment in eco-industries and circular economy (% of total employment across all companies)

    The indicator tracks the share of employment in eco-industries in total workforce. Data for year 2008 is obtained from Ecorys (2009): "Study on the Competitiveness of the EU eco-industry." 2012 data is sourced from Thomson One database.

    Retrieved from http://database.eco-innovation.eu/indicators/view/287/1, 25.03.2015

    Turnover in eco-industries

    The indicator calculates the share of the Eco-industry turnover of total GDP.

    Data for 2004 are taken from the Ernst&Young Study (2006): Eco-industry, its size, employment, perspectives and barriers to growth in an enlarged EU",
    Data for 2008 comes from Ecorys et al. (2009): "Study on the Competitiveness of the EU eco-industry"
    Data for 2012 is based on Thomson One database.

    Retrieved from, http://database.eco-innovation.eu/indicators/view/288/1, 26.3.2014

    Governments environmental and energy R&D appropriations and outlays (% of GDP)

    Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays on Research and Development (GBAORD) data show how much governments spend on research and development, as a proportion of total gross domestic product (GDP). The data is available broken down by the socio-economic objectives of the research and development, and by the type of initiative which has received funding. Funded sectors include government establishments, business enterprise, private non-profit, higher education and international organisations. The data is also available in a range of national currency units.